助動詞

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問題

1 can を用いた文

Jiro can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる very well.
次郎はとてもじょうずに泳ぐことができます。


can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる this apple?
このリンゴを食べてもいいですか。



要点
can は,「～することが can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる 」 (能力・可能)
という意味を表す。過去形は can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる 。


can は, 「～しても can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる 」(許可)という意味
でも使う。

肯定文 Jiro can swim very well.

否定文 Jiro can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる very well.

疑問文 can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる very well ?

答え方 Yes, can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる . / No, can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる can't Can can ld he swim I eat Jiro cou よい できる .

問題 2.

2 must と have[has] to

I go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない the library today.
私は今日, 図書館へ行かなければなりません。


Ken go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない this evening.
健は今晩, 宿題をしなければなりません。



要点
must は,「～しなければ go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない 」 (義務)
という意味を表す。 must not は, 「～しては go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない 」 (禁止)という意味を表す。


★must は,「〜に go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない ない」(推量) という意味
でも使う。

His story go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない .
(彼の話は本当であるにちがいない。)


〈have[has] to+動詞の原形〉も「～しなければ go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない 」という意味で使われる。



★否定文は〈主語 + go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない [doesn't] go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない +動詞の原形…〉の形で, 「～する必要は go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない 」 (不必要) という意味を表す。

★疑問文は〈 go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない [Does] +主語+ go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない +動詞の原形 … ?〉の形。






must と have[has] to の使い方

must
have[has] to



否定文
go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない 「〜してはいけない」(禁止)

go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない [doesn't] go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない 「〜する必要はない」(不必要)



疑問文
Must ～？，Do[Does] ～？で始める

過去
go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない
「～しなければならなかった」

未来
go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない go has true do his must Do will be had have home not to work don't いけない ちがい ない ならない
「～しなければならないだろう」

3 may を用いた文

you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも this pen?
このペンを使ってもいいですか。


The dog you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも .
その犬はおなかがすいている you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも しれません。



要点
may は, 「～しても you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも 」という許可を表す。 May I ～？は, 「〜してもいいですか」と相手に許可を求めるときの表現。
Can I ～？よりも you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも な言い方。


★許可するとき
you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも ./OK./ you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも . (いいですよ。)

許可しないとき
you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも , you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも . (ごめんなさい, だめです。)

mayは, 「〜 you sorry use may Sure be I'm May right hungry All I can't よい ていねい かも しれない」 (推量) という意味でも使う。

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